{"id":135279,"date":"2021-09-06T15:47:25","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T20:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/?post_type=ftm_question&#038;p=135279"},"modified":"2021-09-16T06:13:21","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T11:13:21","slug":"is-religion-helping-or-hurting-us","status":"publish","type":"ftm_question","link":"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/questions\/is-religion-helping-or-hurting-us\/","title":{"rendered":"Is religion helping or hurting us?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n    <a id=\"featured\" class=\"relative block invisible -top-20 lg:-top-24\" ><\/a>\n    <div \n        class=\"mb-16 flex flex-col container-cover container-padding layout layout-page-section pt-12 pb-12 mt-0 mb-0\" \n                >\n        \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-t-10 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                            <div class=\"mt-4 uppercase font-utility-headline-xsmall-alt\">featured<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<article id=\"post-39747\" class=\"card  card-xlarge card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'Has science made religion useless?', item_excerpt: 'Placing science and religion at opposite ends of the belief spectrum is to ignore their unique purposes.', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/has-science-made-religion-useless\/', item_id: 39747, media_id: 'qVPmdsZs', player_div: 'player-39747-3272772815', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Can-you-be-scientific-and-spiritual.jpg?w=832&#038;h=468&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-39747-3272772815\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/has-science-made-religion-useless\/\">\n        Has science made religion useless?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                14 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/runnerbigthink\/\">\n                    Big Think                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-39747 -->\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-standard\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;\u2026at some point we developed these present day religions which I think were sort of<b> tacked onto<\/b> the morality that we had.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;In societies with 1,000 or several thousand or millions of people we cannot all keep an eye on each other and that&#8217;s maybe why <b>we installed religions in these large scale societies<\/b> where a god kept watch over everybody and maybe they served to codify them or to enforce them or to<b> steer morality<\/b>&nbsp;in a particular direction that we prefer. And so saying that morality comes from god or &#8216;religion gave us morality&#8217; &#8212; for me that&#8217;s a big no-no.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Frans-De-Waal-Profile.jpg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Frans-De-Waal-Profile.jpg\" height=\"640\" width=\"640\" alt=\"an older man wearing glasses and a jacket.\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Frans de Waal                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Professor of Primate Behavior, Emory University                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <a id=\"viewpoints\" class=\"relative block invisible -top-20 lg:-top-24\" ><\/a>\n    <div \n        class=\"mb-16 flex flex-col container-cover container-padding layout layout-page-section pt-12 pb-12 mt-0 mb-0\" \n                >\n        \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-t-10 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                            <div class=\"mt-4 uppercase font-utility-headline-xsmall-alt\">viewpoints<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                    <div class=\"font-body-large\">Is religion helping or hurting us?<\/div>\n                        <hr class=\"border-t-0.5 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<div class=\"card card-quote card-standard\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;Belief systems have flourished because they have facilitated the interests of the creatures involved.&#8221;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;Religious people are evolutionarily fitter than non-believers, not because they are protected by a deity but rather because religion is a form of adaptive evolution. Religion is so widespread because it has massive survival advantages beneath the supernatural elements.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Bret Weinstein                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Professor in Exile                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-standard\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;Religion is really made by the brain.&#8221;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&nbsp;&#8220;It is a secretion of the brain and this gets us away from the issue of whether religion is true or not true.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Lionel Tiger                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Professor of Anthropology, Rutgers University                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-standard\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;Every culture has it.&#8221;<br><\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;People have endlessly speculated about the evolution of religiosity, and at least in terms of westernized religions it makes perfect sense why they\u2019ve evolved: Because they\u2019re wonderful mechanisms for reducing stress.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg\" height=\"816\" width=\"800\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Robert M Sapolsky                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Author &#039;Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst&#039;                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-standard\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;The majority of people on this planet are religious&#8230;&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;&#8230;even though there doesn\u2019t seem to be very good evidence for a multitude of creator gods and so on, in my view at least. And if it existed, if a creator god existed, it would be very hard for me to understand why this creator god really does care about whether I worship it or all these things that we attribute to creator gods by religion. So it\u2019s very hard for me, in some sense, to intuitively understand why humans are religious and why humans are ideological.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1080\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Joscha  Bach                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Harvard Program for Evolutionary Dynamics                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-standard\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;Well what astonishes me when I read the newspaper or watch the news is how many problems are the direct result of what people believe about God.&#8221;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;I mean there are days when I open the New York Times where fully half of the stories \u2013 in a way that\u2019s unacknowledged by the paper \u2013 relate to people\u2019s religious convictions.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1787-136078.jpg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1787-136078.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1080\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Sam Harris                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Co-Founder and CEO, Project Reason                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <a id=\"god\" class=\"relative block invisible -top-20 lg:-top-24\" ><\/a>\n    <div \n        class=\"mb-16 flex flex-col container-cover container-padding layout layout-page-section pt-12 pb-12 mt-0 mb-0\" \n                >\n        \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-t-10 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                            <div class=\"mt-4 uppercase font-utility-headline-xsmall-alt\">god<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<article id=\"post-47014\" class=\"card  card-large card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'Holy humans: Why we project our personalities, biases, and desires onto God', item_excerpt: 'Who or what is God? One religion answers this question better than the others', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/reza-aslan-how-religious-believers-describe-god\/', item_id: 47014, media_id: 'tXn93MNR', player_div: 'player-47014-1835641698', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/origin-169.jpg?w=480&#038;h=270&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-47014-1835641698\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/\">\n                All Videos            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/reza-aslan-how-religious-believers-describe-god\/\">\n        Holy humans: Why we project our personalities, biases, and desires onto God    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"\n        card-stack\n            pt-4 border-t border-black-10 dark:border-white-10\n            \">\n        \n<article id=\"post-1775\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-thinker\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rezaaslan\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=680,672 680w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rezaaslan\/\">\n        Reza Aslan    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Reza Aslan&nbsp;is an internationally renowned writer, commentator, professor, producer, and scholar of religions. His books, including his #1 New York Times Bestseller,&nbsp;Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth,[&hellip;]<\/div>\n    <div class=\"card-excerpt\">\n                    <a class=\"block underline hover:no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rezaaslan\/\">\n                Go to Profile\n            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-1775 -->\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                5 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rezaaslan\/\">\n                    Reza Aslan                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-47014 -->\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-large\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;If you believe in God then what you believe in is something that is, by definition, utterly unhuman.&#8221;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;And so the question becomes: how do you talk about that thing, how do you think about that thing, how do you form a relationship with something that is utterly unhuman? Well, the way you do so is by <mark class=\"highlight\">humanizing that thing<\/mark>. In fact, the entire history of human spirituality can be viewed as one long, intimately linked and remarkably cohesive narrative in which <b>human beings increasingly humanize the divine<\/b>. Until, of course, in the person of Jesus, God literally becomes a human being.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1775-136077.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1080\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Reza Aslan                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Author, &#039;God: A Human History&#039;                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-stack card-standard\">\n    \n<article id=\"post-35395\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/guest-thinkers\/\">\n                Guest Thinkers            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/guest-thinkers\/did-einstein-believe-in-god\/\">\n        Did Einstein Believe in God?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-35395 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-47360\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/culture-religion\/michio-kaku-believes-in-god-if-not-that-god\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/origin-102.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/culture-religion\/\">\n                Culture &#038; Religion            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/culture-religion\/michio-kaku-believes-in-god-if-not-that-god\/\">\n        Michio Kaku believes in God, if not that God    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-47360 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-40580\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/is-god-good\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/origin-24.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/\">\n                Thinking            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/is-god-good\/\">\n        What are the chances that God is actually good?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-40580 -->\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <a id=\"science-religion\" class=\"relative block invisible -top-20 lg:-top-24\" ><\/a>\n    <div \n        class=\"mb-16 flex flex-col container-cover container-padding layout layout-page-section pt-12 pb-12 mt-0 mb-0\" \n                >\n        \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-t-10 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                            <div class=\"mt-4 uppercase font-utility-headline-xsmall-alt\">Science &amp; Religion<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<article id=\"post-46835\" class=\"card  card-large card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'The evolution of religion: Why belief systems are literally false and metaphorically true', item_excerpt: 'Where do your beliefs come from? It turns out evolution is behind every religion in the world.', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/bret-weinstein-how-evolution-explains-religion\/', item_id: 46835, media_id: '6bYupAoh', player_div: 'player-46835-727532853', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Why-religion-is-literally-false-and-metaphorically-true.jpg?w=480&#038;h=270&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-46835-727532853\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/\">\n                Thinking            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/bret-weinstein-how-evolution-explains-religion\/\">\n        The evolution of religion: Why belief systems are literally false and metaphorically true    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"\n        card-stack\n            pt-4 border-t border-black-10 dark:border-white-10\n            \">\n        \n<article id=\"post-8007\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-thinker\">\n\n    \n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bret-weinstein\/\">\n        Bret Weinstein    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Professor Bret Weinstein has spent two decades advancing the field of evolutionary biology with a focus on adaptive trade-offs. He has made important discoveries regarding the evolution of cancer and[&hellip;]<\/div>\n    <div class=\"card-excerpt\">\n                    <a class=\"block underline hover:no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bret-weinstein\/\">\n                Go to Profile\n            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-8007 -->\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                4 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bret-weinstein\/\">\n                    Bret Weinstein                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-46835 -->\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-large\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;If one behaves, in let\u2019s say the Christian tradition, in such a way as to gain access to heaven,&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;&#8230;one will not actually find themselves at the pearly gates being welcomed in,\u00a0<b>but one does tend to place their descendants in a good position<\/b> with respect to the community that those descendants continue to live in. So if we were to think <mark class=\"highlight\">evolutionarily<\/mark>, the person who is behaving so as to get into heaven has genetic interests. Those genetic interests are represented in the narrow sense by their immediate descendants and close relatives, in the larger sense they may be represented by the entire population of people from whom that individual came, and by acting so as to get into heaven, the fitness of that person, the number of copies of those genes that continue to flourish in the aftermath of that person\u2019s death will go up. So the belief in heaven is literally false\u2014there is no such place\u2014but it is metaphorically true in the sense that it results in an increase in fitness.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Bret Weinstein                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Professor in Exile                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-stack card-standard\">\n    \n<article id=\"post-38621\" class=\"card  card-standard card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/mind-god-new-science-neurotheology\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 lg:aspect-w-16 lg:aspect-h-9 block\">\n            <figure>\n                        <picture >\n            <source media=\"(max-width: 1023px)\"  width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/origin-18.jpg?resize=80,80\"><source media=\"(min-width: 1024px)\"  width=\"320\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/origin-18.jpg?resize=320,180\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/origin-18.jpg\" height=\"2000\" width=\"3000\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                    <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/\">\n                Neuropsych            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/mind-god-new-science-neurotheology\/\">\n        Mind and God: The new science of neurotheology    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Studies show that religion and spirituality are positively linked to good mental health. Our research aims to figure out how and why.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-38621 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-50931\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/culture-religion\/can-science-and-religion-get-along\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/origin-77.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/culture-religion\/\">\n                Culture &#038; Religion            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/culture-religion\/can-science-and-religion-get-along\/\">\n        Can Science and Religion Get Along?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-50931 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-38786\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/spiritual-atheism\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-39.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">\n                13.8            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/spiritual-atheism\/\">\n        Can you be scientific and spiritual?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-38786 -->\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-0 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<div class=\"card card-quote card-xlarge\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;And what is infuriating to me as an utter complete atheist is a very very solid literature showing the <mark class=\"highlight\">health benefits<\/mark> of religiosity, independent of: you tend to get a social supportive community.&#8221;<br><\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;When you\u2019re religious you have fewer lifestyle risk factors. The mere ability to perceive causality, reason, benevolence\u2014\u201cBenevolence especially for people like me if I say the right combination of words and fervently believe in it\u201d\u2014that\u2019s wonderfully protective and there\u2019s health benefits to it.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>                                            <hr class=\"!border-t-0.5 border-black-10 mt-2 !w-full !py-0 dark:border-white-10\">\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                    <div class=\"font-utility-button\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Robert M Sapolsky                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Author &#039;Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst&#039;                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<article id=\"post-48977\" class=\"card  card-xlarge card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'Atheism vs. Religion: Which Is the Healthier Viewpoint?', item_excerpt: 'What does Robert Sapolsky\u2014an &quot;utter, complete, atheist&quot;\u2014think about the persistence of magical thinking in our modern world?', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/robert-sapolsky-religious-faith-is-natures-antidepressant\/', item_id: 48977, media_id: 'VCdFWnjb', player_div: 'player-48977-903518999', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/What-are-the-chances-that-God-is-actually-good.jpg?w=832&#038;h=468&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-48977-903518999\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/robert-sapolsky-religious-faith-is-natures-antidepressant\/\">\n        Atheism vs. Religion: Which Is the Healthier Viewpoint?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"\n        card-stack\n            pt-4 border-t border-black-10 dark:border-white-10\n            \">\n        \n<article id=\"post-4823\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-thinker\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/robert-sapolsky\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=800,810 800w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sapolsky_vert-1.jpeg?resize=680,672 680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/robert-sapolsky\/\">\n        Robert M Sapolsky    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Robert M. Sapolsky holds degrees from Harvard and Rockefeller Universities and is currently a Professor of Biology and Neurology at Stanford University and a Research Associate with the Institute of[&hellip;]<\/div>\n    <div class=\"card-excerpt\">\n                    <a class=\"block underline hover:no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/robert-sapolsky\/\">\n                Go to Profile\n            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-4823 -->\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                3 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/robert-sapolsky\/\">\n                    Robert M Sapolsky                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-48977 -->\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-0 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<article id=\"post-50450\" class=\"card  card-large card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'Hey Bill Nye! Can We Bridge the Gap Between Science and Religion?', item_excerpt: 'Bill Nye answers the big one: Can faith and science can co-exist, or is religious belief dependent on ignoring science?', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/bill-nye-on-how-to-reckon-the-ideas-of-science-and-religion\/', item_id: 50450, media_id: 'CEubSRKo', player_div: 'player-50450-417011843', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Can-science-and-religion-get-along.jpg?w=480&#038;h=270&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-50450-417011843\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/\">\n                All Videos            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/bill-nye-on-how-to-reckon-the-ideas-of-science-and-religion\/\">\n        Hey Bill Nye! Can We Bridge the Gap Between Science and Religion?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"\n        card-stack\n            pt-4 border-t border-black-10 dark:border-white-10\n            \">\n        \n<article id=\"post-3997\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-thinker\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bill-nye\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=680,672 680w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bill-nye\/\">\n        Bill Nye, The Science Guy    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Bill Nye, scientist, engineer, comedian, author, and inventor, is a man with a mission: to help foster a scientifically literate society, to help people everywhere understand and appreciate the science[&hellip;]<\/div>\n    <div class=\"card-excerpt\">\n                    <a class=\"block underline hover:no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bill-nye\/\">\n                Go to Profile\n            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-3997 -->\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                4 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/bill-nye\/\">\n                    Bill Nye, The Science Guy                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-50450 -->\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-large\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;Religions give people an important sense of community.&#8221;<\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;The reason, in my experience, that people my age or whatever go to church is to be with other people. At least let\u2019s say once a week. And that is of great value. A community is of great value. But there\u2019s nothing there that I have seen in the Bible that informs modern science. With one possible exception. There\u2019s in some translations that I\u2019ve read there\u2019s reference to 22 sevenths for being the distance around a circle, the value of pi. And that\u2019s pretty close. It doesn\u2019t go past three digits but it\u2019s pretty close. Okay. So the people who wrote the Bible they were literate but they were not literate in the modern scientific sense. So you have to reckon that man.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/3997-136119.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1080\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Bill Nye, The Science Guy                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                The Science Guy                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-stack card-standard\">\n    \n<article id=\"post-129734\" class=\"card  card-standard card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-past\/climate-change-catastrophe-reshape-religion\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 lg:aspect-w-16 lg:aspect-h-9 block\">\n            <figure>\n                        <picture >\n            <source media=\"(max-width: 1023px)\"  width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/origin-37.jpg?resize=80,80\"><source media=\"(min-width: 1024px)\"  width=\"320\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/origin-37.jpg?resize=320,180\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/origin-37.jpg\" height=\"3519\" width=\"5528\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                    <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-past\/\">\n                The Past            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-past\/climate-change-catastrophe-reshape-religion\/\">\n        Climate catastrophes can reshape religion    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">There were at least four major climate catastrophes that reshaped global religion. It could be happening again.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-129734 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-129736\" class=\"card  card-standard card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/quantum-mechanics-buddhism\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 lg:aspect-w-16 lg:aspect-h-9 block\">\n            <figure>\n                        <picture >\n            <source media=\"(max-width: 1023px)\"  width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Does-quantum-mechanics-favor-Buddhist-philosophy.jpg?resize=80,80\"><source media=\"(min-width: 1024px)\"  width=\"320\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Does-quantum-mechanics-favor-Buddhist-philosophy.jpg?resize=320,180\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Does-quantum-mechanics-favor-Buddhist-philosophy.jpg\" height=\"1406\" width=\"2500\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                    <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">\n                13.8            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/quantum-mechanics-buddhism\/\">\n        Does quantum mechanics favor Buddhist philosophy?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">No. But Buddhism and quantum mechanics have much to teach each other.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-129736 -->\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n    <a id=\"history-religion\" class=\"relative block invisible -top-20 lg:-top-24\" ><\/a>\n    <div \n        class=\"mb-16 flex flex-col container-cover container-padding layout layout-page-section pt-12 pb-12 mt-0 mb-0\" \n                >\n        \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-t-10 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                            <div class=\"mt-4 uppercase font-utility-headline-xsmall-alt\">History &amp; Impact of Religion<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<div class=\"card card-quote card-xlarge\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;Humans are a programmable species. Religions and ideologies are <mark class=\"highlight\">operating systems<\/mark> for societies.&#8221;\u00a0<br><\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;They have been so throughout most of our history, and this idea that we can build society based on rational arguments is very, very recent and very novel. And it\u2019s not entirely clear if it really works. But<b> it\u2019s clear that we cannot really build societies on conflicting ideologies that are at war with each other<\/b>. In the past it has led to situations where the ideology solved the problems by killing the unbelievers or the religions did the same thing, and we all agree this is not what we want to have. We want to have an open society, a pluralistic society, a nonviolent, tolerant society, but still one where people work together and cooperate well. And this ability to wake up into a shared dream in which people believe things because their neighbors believe them has been a very powerful feature that\u2019s probably the reason why we were able to build large-scale societies.&#8221;<\/p>                                            <hr class=\"!border-t-0.5 border-black-10 mt-2 !w-full !py-0 dark:border-white-10\">\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                    <div class=\"font-utility-button\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Joscha  Bach                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Harvard Program for Evolutionary Dynamics                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<article id=\"post-48718\" class=\"card  card-xlarge card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'Do humans have free will, or are we programmed by society?', item_excerpt: 'Humans are a programmable species, and we live inside the most ancient operating system of all \u2014 ideology.', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/joscha-bach-do-humans-have-free-will-or-are-we-programmed-by-society\/', item_id: 48718, media_id: 'TyxKi83b', player_div: 'player-48718-2424313886', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/origin-98.jpg?w=832&#038;h=468&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-48718-2424313886\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/joscha-bach-do-humans-have-free-will-or-are-we-programmed-by-society\/\">\n        Do humans have free will, or are we programmed by society?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"\n        card-stack\n            pt-4 border-t border-black-10 dark:border-white-10\n            \">\n        \n<article id=\"post-4827\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-thinker\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/joscha-bach\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=680,672 680w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4827-136165.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/joscha-bach\/\">\n        Joscha  Bach    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Dr. Joscha Bach (MIT Media Lab and the Harvard Program for Evolutionary Dynamics)&nbsp;is an AI researcher who works and writes about cognitive architectures, mental representation, emotion, social modeling, and multi-agent[&hellip;]<\/div>\n    <div class=\"card-excerpt\">\n                    <a class=\"block underline hover:no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/joscha-bach\/\">\n                Go to Profile\n            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-4827 -->\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                8 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/joscha-bach\/\">\n                    Joscha  Bach                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-48718 -->\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-0 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<article id=\"post-50339\" class=\"card  card-large card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'What we talk about when we talk about hell', item_excerpt: 'A lot of us are banking on heaven for ourselves and hell for certain others, but spiritual teacher Rob Bell urges us to think about those concepts as states of consciousness, and rethink the nature of the afterlife.', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/rob-bell-on-the-origins-of-hell\/', item_id: 50339, media_id: 'VTzHoNYF', player_div: 'player-50339-1565193567', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/origin-79.jpg?w=480&#038;h=270&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-50339-1565193567\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/\">\n                All Videos            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/rob-bell-on-the-origins-of-hell\/\">\n        What we talk about when we talk about hell    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <div class=\"\n        card-stack\n            pt-4 border-t border-black-10 dark:border-white-10\n            \">\n        \n<article id=\"post-4702\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-thinker\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rob-bell\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=680,672 680w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rob-bell\/\">\n        Rob Bell    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"card-excerpt\">Rob Bell is a New York Times bestselling author, speaker, and spiritual teacher. His books include Love Wins, How to Be Here, What We Talk About When We Talk About[&hellip;]<\/div>\n    <div class=\"card-excerpt\">\n                    <a class=\"block underline hover:no-underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rob-bell\/\">\n                Go to Profile\n            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-4702 -->\n    <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                4 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/rob-bell\/\">\n                    Rob Bell                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-50339 -->\n\n<div class=\"card card-quote card-xlarge\">\n            <div class=\"card-headline\">\n            <p>&#8220;\u2026the phrase eternal life was a very first century Jewish way of talking about living in harmony with the divine right now.&#8221;<br><\/p>        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"card-content card-stack !divide-y-0\">\n                    <p>&#8220;So eternal life wasn\u2019t a kind of life that happens when you die. Eternal life was understood to be a certain quality of life that you\u2019re experiencing right now where you\u2019re in right relationship with the earth, with the environment, with each other, with yourself. That was considered eternal life. So I think we should start here. I think this is where the action is.&#8221;<br><\/p>                                            <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden mt-2 stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1201\" height=\"23\" viewBox=\"0 0 1201 23\" fill=\"none\">\n  <path d=\"M0.292969 2.875H72.0156V16.7697L83.2779 2.875H1200.31\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"card card-thinker card-small-alternate !pt-0\">\n                                                            <figure>\n                                    <picture >\n            <source  width=\"40\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg?resize=40,40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/4702-136152.jpg\" height=\"1080\" width=\"1080\" alt=\"\">        <\/picture>\n                                <\/figure>\n                                                                        <div class=\"flex flex-col justify-center\">\n                        <div class=\"font-utility-button\">\n                            Rob Bell                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"font-utility-subtitle-small\">\n                                Author, &quot;How To Be Here: A Guide to Creating a Life Worth Living&quot;                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-stack card-standard\">\n    \n<article id=\"post-134538\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/god-good-ethics-euthyphro-dilemma\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/134538-134539.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/\">\n                Thinking            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/god-good-ethics-euthyphro-dilemma\/\">\n        If there is no God, can anything be objectively good?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-134538 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-38780\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/religion-natural-antidepressant\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/origin-34.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/\">\n                Neuropsych            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/neuropsych\/religion-natural-antidepressant\/\">\n        New study finds religion alleviates depression. Is it enough?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-38780 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-81238\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/sam-harris-on-the-dangers-of-religion\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"45\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?w=80&amp;h=45&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=20,12 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=40,23 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=80,45 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=256,144 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=495,278 495w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/01\/origin-10.jpg?resize=680,382 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/\">\n                All Videos            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/videos\/sam-harris-on-the-dangers-of-religion\/\">\n        Sam Harris on the Dangers of Religion    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                4 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/samharris\/\">\n                    Sam Harris                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-81238 -->\n\n<article id=\"post-134506\" class=\"card  card-small-alternate card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-past\/nazis-anti-semitic-bible-aryan-jesus\/\" class=\"aspect-w-1 aspect-h-1 block\">\n            <figure>\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?w=80&amp;h=80&amp;crop=1\" class=\"exclude-lazy\" alt=\"\" sizes=\"80px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/134506-134507.jpg?resize=680,672 680w\" \/>            <\/figure>\n        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n    <div class=\"font-emphasis-eyebrow\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-past\/\">\n                The Past            <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-past\/nazis-anti-semitic-bible-aryan-jesus\/\">\n        Nazis created an anti-Semitic Bible and Aryan Jesus    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-134506 -->\n\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"bt-block block-divider pb-4 \">\n    <div class=\"stroke-current text-black-90 dark:text-white-90\">\n                                <hr class=\"border-0 border-black-90 dark:border-white-90\">\n                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"\n        bt-block block-content-package bigthink-flex-row \n                        \"\n            >\n\n        \n<article id=\"post-39110\" class=\"card  card-xlarge card-narrative\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"card-media\" x-data=\"playlist\">\n        <div class=\"relative w-full aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9 bg-black\" :class=\"active ? 'text-black-90 dark:text-white-90' : 'text-black-60 dark:text-white-60'\" x-data=\"{ active: true, item_title: 'Is there life after death?', item_excerpt: 'Is death the final frontier? We ask scientists, philosophers, and spiritual leaders about life after death.', item_link: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/is-there-life-after-death\/', item_id: 39110, media_id: 'QKG21gzb', player_div: 'player-39110-429121664', poster_image: 'https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/Has-science-made-religion-useless.jpg?w=832&#038;h=468&#038;crop=1', video_type: 'ftm_video' }\" x-intersect.once.margin.250px=\"updatePlaylist(false, false)\" >\n                        <div class=\"absolute top-0 z-30 w-full h-0\">\n                <div id=\"player-39110-429121664\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"card-content\">\n\n<div class=\"card-headline\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/thinking\/is-there-life-after-death\/\">\n        Is there life after death?    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-row flex-nowrap\">\n            <div class=\"pr-1 -mt-1\">&#9656;<\/div>\n                    <div class=\"pr-1 font-emphasis-xsmall whitespace-nowrap\">\n                14 min\n            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">&mdash;<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"pr-1 font-utility-subtitle-small\">with<\/div>\n            <div class=\"pr-1 truncate font-utility-button whitespace-nowrap\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/runnerbigthink\/\">\n                    Big Think                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article><!-- #post-39110 -->\n\n<div class=\"card card-xlarge card-paragraph lg:max-w-[70%]\">\n        <div class=\"flex flex-col gap-4 font-body-large\">\n        <p>&#8220;Religion is the kind of <b>the antithesis of teaching your children how to grieve<\/b>. You tell your child that your grandma&#8217;s in heaven and there&#8217;s nothing to be sad about. That&#8217;s religion. <b>It would be better to equip your child for the reality of this life<\/b>, which is, <mark class=\"highlight\">death is a fact<\/mark>, and we don&#8217;t know what happens after death.&#8221;<\/p><p>&#8212;<i> Sam Harris&nbsp;<\/i><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is the world better or worse with religion?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":136729,"template":"","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Is religion helping or hurting us? - Big Think<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/questions\/is-religion-helping-or-hurting-us\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is religion helping or hurting us?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Is the world better or worse with religion?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/questions\/is-religion-helping-or-hurting-us\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Big Think\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BigThinkdotcom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-16T11:13:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/What-are-the-chances-that-God-is-actually-good.jpg?resize=1200,630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bigthink\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Is religion helping or hurting us? 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